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The Use of Elemental Diet Prior to and During Radiotherapy for Invasive Bladder Cancer and in Early Postoperative Feeding Following Radical Cystectomy and Heal Conduit

A. Hope McArdle, PhD; Everett C. Reid, MD; Michael P. Laplante, MD; Carolyn R. Freeman, MB

Arch Surg. 1986;121(8):879-885.

Abstract
• Previous studies done in animals have shown that significant prophylaxis against radiation injury could be afforded by feeding an elemental diet (ED) three days before and during radiation. In the present study 20 patients were fed an ED for three days before and for the four days during radiotherapy (five fractions of 400 rad [4 Gy] each) prior to radical cystectomy and ileal conduit for invasive bladder cancer; ED feeding was recommenced 24 hours postoperatively via a feeding jejunostomy. The ED-fed patients exhibited positive nitrogen balance preoperatively and had an early return to positive nitrogen balance postoperatively (3.60 ± 0.32 days). There was also prompt return of bowel sounds 3.00±0.32 days). Histologically and ultrastructurally, biopsy specimens of the ileal mucosa showed normal morphologic findings, with maintenance of normal levels of enzyme activity in the brush border. Severe or bloody diarrhea was absent in these patients. These data suggest that ED feeding provides prophylaxis against the acute phase of radiation injury in patients undergoing high-dose, short-course radiotherapy for invasive bladder cancer and that it is a safe and feasible means of postoperative nutritional support, even in the presence of a fresh bowel anastomosis.

(Arch Surg 1986;121:879-885)

Author Affiliations
From the Departments of Surgery (Dr McArdle), Urology (Drs Reid and Laplante), and Radiation Oncology (Dr Freeman), The Montreal General Hospital.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication Feb 20, 1986.

Reprint requests to Room 947, Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1A4 (Dr McArdle).

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