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Incidence and Cause of Esophageal Fistulas

Robert P. Winter, MD; John A. Weigelt, MD

Arch Surg. 1990;125(7):849-852.

Abstract
• Esophageal fistulas occurred in 4 (9%) of 46 penetrating esophageal wounds. All four patients with fistulas were victims of gunshot wounds, presented in shock, and underwent an urgent tracheostomy in the emergency department. Shock and urgent tracheostomy were significantly associated with fistula formation. Whether single-layer closures are adequate for esophageal wounds remains unanswered. Our data showed no disadvantage to single-layer closure, since seven of eight were successful. This compares with a success rate for multilayer closures of 32 of 35. Fifty percent of the esophageal fistulas were asymptomatic and were discovered on routine postoperative contrast study. All fistulas closed with nonoperative management. Management recommendations included nonoperative means to establish an airway, meticulous débridement, two-layer closure of the wound, closed-suction drainage, and postoperative esophagography before drain removal.

(Arch Surg. 1990;125:849-852)

Author Affiliations
From the Section of Surgical Critical Care and Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.

Footnotes
Accepted for publication April 20, 1989.

Read before the 97th Annual Meeting of the Western Surgical Association, St Louis, Mo, November 14, 1989.

Reprint requests to the Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75235-9031 (Dr Weigelt).

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ABSTRACT