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Michael Höckel, MD, PhD; Karlheinz Schlenger, PhD; Susan Doctrow, PhD; Thomas Kissel, PhD; Peter Vaupel, MD

Arch Surg. 1993;128(4):423-429.

Abstract
• We have proposed the term "therapeutic angiogenesis" to describe the induction or stimulation of neovascularization for the treatment or prevention of pathological clinical situations characterized by local hypovascularity. Evidence also shows that "clinically normal" healing and tissue regeneration can be improved or accelerated by therapeutic angiogenesis. Traditionally, therapeutic angiogenesis has been achieved by surgical methods, ie, the transposition of autologous tissues with uncompromised vasculature and high angiogenic potential such as omentum majus flaps and muscle flaps. Recent advances in the understanding of the biological process of neovascularization as well as the discovery and cloning of angiogenic cytokines may add a new clinical tool: therapeutic angiogenesis by pharmaceutical methods. Based on the results of animal studies and preliminary clinical trials, this review is aimed to give a state-of-the-art compilation of (1) those angiogenesis factors that appear promising in clinical application for therapeutic angiogenesis and (2) the surgical indication fields with near-term potential for therapeutic angiogenesis by use of angiogenic cytokines.

(Arch Surg. 1993;128:423-429)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Drs Höckel and Schlenger) and the Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology (Dr Vaupel), University of Mainz (Germany), and the Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Marburg (Germany) (Dr Kissel); and Alkermes Inc, Cambridge, Mass (Dr Doctrow).

Footnotes
Accepted for publication June 21, 1992.

Reprint requests to Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 6500 Mainz, Germany (Dr Höckel).

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