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Steven R. Gundry, MD; Javier Alonso de Begona, MD; Motohiro Kawauchi, MD; Hwang Liu, MD; Anees J. Razzouk, MD; Leonard L. Bailey, MD

Arch Surg. 1993;128(9):989-993.

Abstract
Objective
To test whether hearts from "dead," pulseless, asystolic donors could be transplanted and reanimated successfully using reperfusion manipulations.

Design and Interventions
Ten infant lambs (mean [±SD] weight, 4±1 kg) were anesthetized and pretreated with 50% dextrose, methylprednisolone, prostaglandin E1, and sublingual nifedipine. Five of these lambs were paralyzed; hypoxic asystolic arrest occurred 10±2 minutes later. Thirty minutes following asystole (mean, 40 ±2 minutes after paralysis) sternotomy was performed and the hearts were excised. Aortic blood gases were as follows: pH, 6.6±0.1; PCO₂, 180±20 mm Hg; and PO₂,8±2 mm Hg. Donor hearts were given 30 mL/kg of Cardiosol (Water's Instrument Co, Danburg, Conn), a new cardioplegic agent, at 4°C, and explanted into iced saline. The remaining five lambs then underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, were cooled to 20°C, and hypothermic arrest was instituted. After excision of the recipient's heart, the donor heart was implanted in an orthotopic position. Total cold ischemic time was 1 hour 40 minutes ±10 minutes. The donor heart was retroperfused for 10 minutes with low-hematocrit, low-calcium blood via a coronary sinus catheter, then normal aortic inflow reperfusion was continued for 50 minutes.

Main Outcome Measures
Removal of the cardiopulmonary bypass and measurement of hemodynamic parameters.

Results
One half hour after the bypass, mean systolic aortic pressure was 71±6 mm Hg; mean right atrial pressure was 6±2 mm Hg; mean left atrial pressure was 7±2 mm Hg; and mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 20±8 mm Hg. No inotropic drugs were given for postbypass blood pressure support.

Conclusion
It is possible to transplant and reanimate hearts that have been dead for 30 minutes. When further developed, the use of donors who were not brain dead but allowed to die naturally could greatly increase the donor pool.

(Arch Surg. 1993;128:989-993)

Author Affiliations
From the Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Loma Linda (Calif) University Medical Center.

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