Antimicrobial Effects of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Arnold D. K. Hill, FRCSI;
Hassan Naama, FRCSI;
Jian Shou, MD;
Steve E. Calvano, PhD;
John M. Daly, MD
Arch Surg. 1995;130(12):1273-1278.
Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate, in a murine model of protein-energy malnutrition, whether granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves the host response to a septic challenge and to determine the potential mechanisms involved.
Design
Nonblinded study of GM-CSF in mice with protein-energy malnutrition.
Setting
A university-based surgical laboratory and animal facility.
Intervention
In study 1, malnourished mice were randomized to receive either GM-CSF (120 µg/kg subcutaneously from day 4 to 7 of the protein-free diet) or saline vehicle as a control. On day 7, all mice were given Candida albicans (5x105 organisms intravenously). In study 2, malnourished mice received the same dose of GM-CSF or saline vehicle for 7 days of the protein-free diet.
Main Outcome Measures
In study 1 mice were followed up for survival. In study 2, after 7 days of diets, splenic macrophages were harvested and were assayed for interleukin-6, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide production. Splenocytes were stimulated with concanavalin A (5 µg/mL) for interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and interferon- production.
Results
Treatment with GM-CSF significantly enhanced survival in malnourished mice infected with C albicans. Treatment with GM-CSF was associated with increased production from splenic macrophages of interleukin-6, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide as well as decreased interleukin-4 production from splenocytes.
Conclusions
This study suggests a beneficial role for GM-CSF in the malnourished host predisposed to infection. The antimicrobial properties of GM-CSF may function through enhanced production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion.
(Arch Surg. 1995;130:1273-1278)
Author Affiliations
From the Department of Surgery, New York (NY) Hospital–Cornell Medical Center.
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