Increases in Intra-abdominal Pressure Affect Pulmonary Compliance
Farouck Obeid, MD;
Amer Saba, MD;
John Fath, MD, MPH;
Benjamin Guslits, MD, FRCP(C);
Ray Chung, MD;
Victor Sorensen, MD;
Joseph Buck, MD;
H. Mathilda Horst, MD
Arch Surg. 1995;130(5):544-548.
Abstract
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Objectives
To determine the effect of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on pulmonary compliance and to determine an effective means to measure IAP.
Design
A prospective study.
Setting
An urban tertiary care hospital.
Patients
Twenty-six adult patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Interventions
Intra-operative management of laparoscopic cholecystectomy requiring endotracheal intubation with general anesthesia, nasogastric and urinary bladder catheters, and position changes. Additional interventions included use of a rectal manometer and a respiratory pressure module inserted within the ventilator circuit.
Main Outcome Measures
Correlation of changes in IAP with changes in dynamic pulmonary compliance, measured as tidal volume/(end inspiratory pressure—end expiratory pressure) and comparison of three different measurement techniques (bladder, rectal, and gastric) with a standard technique (insufflation pressure) in three different positions (supine, Trendelenburg's, and reverse Trendelenburg's
Results
Compliance was significantly related to insufflation pressure (P<.001) by analysis of variance. In the gas insufflation model, the mean increment in bladder pressure reflected most closely the IAP increment in the supine position (5.7 vs 6 mm Hg) but not in the Trendelenburg (2.1 vs 6 mm Hg) and reverse Trendelenburg positions (3.4 vs 6 mm Hg). Rectal and gastric pressures were also position dependent and technically less reliable.
Conclusions
Increased IAP has a major influence on pulmonary compliance (50% decrease at 16 mm Hg). Measurements of IAP by intraorgan manometry are position dependent and may not accurately reflect the intraperitoneal pressure.
(Arch Surg. 1995;130:544-548)
Author Affiliations
From the Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Mich.
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