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Ina Karres, MD; Jean-Pierre Kremer, PhD; Ursula Steckholzer, MS; John S. Kenney, MA; Wolfgang Ertel, MD

Arch Surg. 1996;131(12):1310-1317.

Abstract
Objective
To determine the potency of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) for inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in endotoxin-stimulated human whole blood.

Design
Endotoxin-stimulated whole blood from healthy volunteers as an ex vivo model of endotoxemia was incubated with different concentrations of TGF-β1. Cytokine levels in plasma with a bioassay (for tumor necrosis factor ) or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (for interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6), messenger RNA (mRNA) expression with northern blotting, and protein levels with Western blotting were determined.

Results
High TGF-β1 concentrations (>100 pg/mL) inhibited (P<.05) secretion of tumor necrosis factor , IL-1β, and IL-6 into lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole blood, while low concentrations (<50 pg/mL) were ineffective. Moreover, TGF-β1 inhibited mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, neither IL-1β mRNA expression nor IL-1β protein synthesis were attenuated by TGF-β1.

Conclusion
Transforming growth factor-β1, with its downregulatory effect on the synthesis and release of proinflammatory cytokines by phagocytic cells, represents an inhibitor of endotoxin-induced inflammatory reactions.

Arch Surg. 1996;131:1310-1317

Author Affiliations
From the Division of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (Dr Ertel and Ms Steckholzer); GSF-Forschungszentrum für Umwelt und Gesundheit, Institute of Experimental Hematology, Munich, Germany (Drs Karres and Kremer); and the Laboratoire de Biophysique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France (Mr Kenney).

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