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Hyperthermic Isolated Limb Perfusion With Tumor Necrosis Factor  , Interferon Gamma, and Melphalan for Locally Advanced Nonmelanoma Skin Tumors of the Extremities
A Multicenter Study
Annette F. T. Olieman, MD, PhD;
Danielle Liénard, MD;
Alexander M. M. Eggermont, MD, PhD;
Bin B. R. Kroon, MD, PhD;
Ferdy J. Lejeune, MD, PhD;
Harald J. Hoekstra, MD, PhD;
Heimen Schraffordt Koops, MD, PhD
Arch Surg. 1999;134:303-307.
Background Hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion (HILP) with tumor necrosis factor  (TNF-), interferon gamma, and melphalan has proved to be useful in the treatment of recurrent malignant melanoma and of locally advanced soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities.
Objective To determine whether this modality is also effective in the treatment of locally advanced nonmelanoma skin tumors of the extremities.
Patients and Methods Fifteen patients with locally advanced primary, recurrent, or metastatic skin tumors of the extremities (12 with squamous cell carcinoma and 3 with Merkel cell carcinoma) underwent HILP with TNF-, interferon gamma, and melphalan. Six tumors were localized in the upper extremity (40%), and 9 in the lower extremity (60%). Treatment-related complications, limb salvage rate, local recurrence, and regional and distant metastases were scored during a median follow-up of 20 months.
Results After HILP, 9 patients (60%) showed a complete response (with histopathological confirmation). Four patients (27%) showed a partial response (with histopathological confirmation in 1 patient), and 2 patients (13%) showed no change (with histopathological confirmation in 1 patient and with clinical evidence in 1 patient). Two patients (13%) showed treatment-related complications. The limb salvage was achieved in 12 patients (80%), and the local recurrences developed in 4 patients (27%). During follow-up, regional lymph node metastases were observed in 2 patients (13%) and distant metastases in 2 patients (13%).
Conclusion Based on our results, HILP with TNF-, interferon gamma, and melphalan should be considered as a limb-saving treatment modality in patients with locally advanced nonmelanoma skin tumors of the extremities who would otherwise be candidates for ablative surgery.
From the Departments of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen (Drs Olieman, Hoekstra, and Koops), University Hospital–Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam (Dr Eggermont), and Netherlands Cancer Institute Antoni van Leeuwenhoek ziekenhuis, Amsterdam (Dr Kroon), the Netherlands; and the Centre Pluridisciplinaire d'Oncologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland (Drs Liénard and Lejeune).
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