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Ira M. Rutkow, MD, MPH, DrPH

Arch Surg. 2000;135:1233.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

THERE IS little disputing the fact that racial bias has affected the evolution of American surgery. Every aspect of American society suffers from such discrimination as innocent victims of injustice are forced into neverending struggles to attain professional competency. Charles Richard Drew faced such adversity in what should have been a long and memorable career as one of the country's elite surgical masters. Born in Washington, DC, where he attended Dunbar High School, Drew matriculated at Amherst College, Amherst, Mass (1926), and received his medical and master of surgery degrees from McGill University, Montreal, Quebec (1933). From 1933 to 1935, he was an intern and resident at the Montreal General Hospital. As an African American, he initially pursued surgical training at the Freedmen's Hospital in his native city (1936-1937), but from 1938 to 1940 his outstanding abilities were recognized when he was a "surgical . . . [Full Text of this Article]