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Robert W. Hopkins, MD; J. Robert Bowen, MD; Warren W. Francis, MD

Arch Surg. 2001;136:461-466.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

In 1925, founder John Keefe¹ and in 1974, the late Tom Perry² delivered presidential addresses to the New England Surgical Society (NESS) recounting the essential happenings of surgery in Rhode Island from its founding to the mid-19th century. We will not repeat the details of those excellent essays, but events from that era must be reviewed to permit an understanding of the course of events since.

EARLY HISTORY

Rhode Island was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, who was of too independent a mentality for the Colony of Massachusetts. Quoting from a 19th-century encyclopedia,

The general court banished him from the colony . . . because he had called into question the authority of the magistrates in respect to the right of the civil power to impose faith and worship. . . . Opinions which would not allow the magistrate . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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