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W. Wayand, MD; W. Feil, MD; Manfred Skopec, DozDrPhil

Arch Surg. 2002;137:217-220.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

In 1747, Gerhard van Swieten (1700-1772), personal physician to Empress Maria Theresia and reformer of medical education in Austria, founded a bonne école de chirurgie in Vienna. He invited the Florentine Natalis Giuseppe Pallucci (1719-1797), whom he had specially trained in Paris, France, to Vienna to assist him with the school. However, although van Swieten was highly successful as a reformer of the medical curriculum, his attempt to transform surgery from a craft into an academic discipline failed.¹ Emperor Joseph II, son of Empress Maria Theresia and successor to the throne, also attempted to raise the standing of surgery. In 1785, he founded a school for military surgeons later called Joseph's Academy. Joseph II's protochirurgus, Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla (1728-1800), became the first director of the school, which was modeled on the Academie Royale de Chirurgie in Paris. The Josephinum, a . . . [Full Text of this Article]

ON THE HISTORY OF SURGERY IN AUSTRIA

SURGICAL SERVICE IN AUSTRIA AT THE PRESENT

POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION

From the Surgical Department AKh-Linz und Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Operative Laparoskopie, Krankenhausstr, Linz (Dr Wayand), Donauspital SM2 Ost der Stadt Wien, Chirurgische Abteilung, Langobardenstr, Wien (Dr Feil), and Institut für Geschichte der Medizin der Universität Wien, Währingerstr, Wien (Dr Skopec), Austria.