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Ira M. Rutkow, MD, MPH, DrPH

Arch Surg. 2002;137:1081-1082.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

DURING THE MID to late nineteenth century, numerous unorthodox medical practices and alternative therapies arose. Among the more influential of these sectarian groups were the eclectics, who used only botanical preparations in the treatment of disease and for preoperative and postoperative care. Although there were various branches of eclecticism, mainly located throughout the American Midwest, the most politically influential faction settled in Cincinnati, where 2 eclectic medical institutes were organized. It was to this city that Andrew Jackson Howe would move, becoming the leading eclectic surgeon of his era.

Andrew Jackson Howe (author's collection).

Born in Paxton, Mass, Howe received his undergraduate education at Harvard College. While in Cambridge he was influenced by the renowned naturalist Louis Agassiz (1807-1873), who instilled in him an interest in studying and dissecting animals. Following his graduation in 1853, Howe attended a series of lectures at Jefferson Medical . . . [Full Text of this Article]