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  Vol. 139 No. 11, November 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Performing Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Safely

Mohammed M. H. Kalan, MD, FRCS; Gregory Tillou, MD; Aaron Kulick, MD; Christopher S. Wilcox, MD, PhD; Alvaro I. Garcia, MD

Arch Surg. 2004;139:1243-1247.

Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

As is the case with many minimally invasive surgical techniques, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of most adrenal tumors. Several techniques are in use today. In this article we describe 1 such technique, highlight the common pitfalls encountered by the surgeon, and discuss how to avoid them.

Studies have shown a steady and significant decrease in the frequency and number of complications with the laparoscopic procedure when compared with the open technique.1 However, critical steps of the minimal-access operation may be accompanied by severe pitfalls for the unwary surgeon. This article highlights these complications and suggests ways to prevent them.


BACKGROUND

Gagner et al1 first described laparoscopic adrenalectomy in 1992. By 2000, more than 1000 cases involving this minimally invasive procedure had been reported . . . [Full Text of this Article]

PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION

LATERAL TRANSPERITONEAL APPROACH

POSITIONING

PITFALLS

LEFT ADRENALECTOMY

PITFALLS

RIGHT ADRENALECTOMY

PITFALLS

CONCLUSIONS

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Author Affiliations: Department of Surgery, Georgetown University Medical Center (Dr Kalan), and the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension (Drs Kulick and Wilcox), Cardiovascular-Kidney Institute (Dr Wilcox), and Department of Surgery (Dr Garcia), Georgetown University School of Medicine (Dr Tillou), Washington, DC.



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