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Irving L. Kron, MD

Arch Surg. 2005;140:368-370.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text and any section headings.

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this lecture is to determine how surgical dogmas change. Clearly, change is critical for evolution of surgical technique and concept. The purpose of every academic surgeon, in addition to their teaching and research roles, is to translate basic science principles to clinical care. It is perhaps worthwhile to define dogma as "a principle, belief or idea authoritatively considered to be the absolute truth."¹ To illustrate changing dogmas I would like to use the surgical treatment of heart failure as a model.

Why heart failure? It appears that 5 million Americans are afflicted with 400 000 new cases per year. There is an increasing incidence of heart failure in an elderly population. The annual cost exceeds $10 billion with 75% of the cost owing to hospitalization. Medical therapy, in general, has not been promising particularly for the treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy. Despite the use of . . . [Full Text of this Article]

HEART TRANSPLANTATION

CORONARY BYPASS SURGERY

LEFT VENTRICULAR REMODELING

MITRAL VALVE REPAIR

CONCLUSION

AUTHOR INFORMATION

Author Affiliations: Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

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