This Article  • References  • Full text PDF  • Send to a friend  • Save in My Folder  • Save to citation manager  • Permissions  Citing Articles  • Citation map  • Citing articles on HighWire  • Contact me when this article is cited  Related Content  • Similar articles in this journal  Social Bookmarking   What's this?

A CRITICAL SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE AND A STUDY OF THE APPLICABILITY OF VARIOUS THEORIES IN TWO HUNDRED AND THIRTY-NINE OPERATIVE CASES

R. FRANKLIN CARTER, M.D.; CARL H. GREENE, M.D.; J. RUSSELL TWISS, M.D.; RICHARD HOTZ, M.D.

Arch Surg. 1939;39(5):691-710.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

Study as to the cause of gallstones has been extensive since they were first reported, in the fourteenth or the fifteenth century. Early thought was purely speculative, but since the time of Naunyn a mass of clinical and experimental data has been accumulated. A multitude of theories have been propounded, none of which is adequate to explain the whole problem.

A fundamental difficulty has been the failure to recognize that the conditions which determine the formation of biliary calculi are multiple and complex. In addition, there are several varieties of gallstones. According to the classification of Naunyn there are pure cholesterol stones, calcium bilirubinate stones, and the common "mixed" gallstones. Each of these may be determined by the combination of a different set of circumstances. In the series of observations we shall discuss, only the pure cholesterol stone and the common "mixed" gallstone will be considered.

The cause of gallstones . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
NEW YORK

From the Clinic for the Study cf Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract, the Departments of Medicine and Surgery, New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital.

CiteULike    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter     What's this?