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PATHOLOGIC AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS

FRANK K. SAFFORD, Jr., M.D.; MAX B. NATHANSON, M.D.

Arch Surg. 1944;49(1):12-22.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

In the course of work on refrigeration anesthesia at New York City Hospital it seemed advisable to make studies on temperatures of tissue in order to determine: (1) the optimum temperatures necessary for satisfactory anesthesia; (2) the duration of refrigeration necessary to obtain these temperatures; (3) the minimum temperatures above which tissue must remain in order to avoid damage.

As these studies were in progress other observations became of interest, namely, the effect of the tourniquet; the optimum temperatures for prolonged refrigeration in the treatment of burns, frostbite and infections, and, finally, the temperatures that were effective and safe for reducing pain in conditions such as arthritis and neuritis.

The methods of refrigeration studied included the use of cracked ice, ice water, ice bags, electric fan plus water spray, ethyl chloride spray and mechanical refrigeration. The latter was obtained by means of a refrigerating unit¹ which cools a fluid (35 . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
NEW YORK

Footnotes
Dr. Lyman W. Crossman gave encouragement and advice.

This study was accomplished through the cooperation of the Physical Therapy and Surgical Divisions of New York City Hospital.

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