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Pretreatment With Chlorpromazine, Phenoxybenzamine, Heparin, and Cortisone

PAUL NORA, MD; HAROLD LAUFMAN, MD

AMA Arch Surg. 1963;87(1):53-58.

	Since this article does not have an abstract, we have provided the first 150 words of the full text PDF and any section headings.

The cell-free filtrates of various bacteria are known to exert toxic effects upon the mammalian organism, leading to irreversible shock and death. Gram-negative bacteria of the colonially smooth variety characteristically yield a cell-wall lipopolysaccharide complex identified as an endotoxin. Certain anaerobic bacteria such as the clostridia produce a protein substance designated as an exotoxin which also causes lethal effects and has been implicated in a variety of afflictions ranging from intestinal strangulation obstruction to gas gangrene infections. Both endotoxin and exotoxin may cause irreversible shock and death. The terminal pathologic findings after lethal injections of these substances are identical.³ In fact, hemorrhagic necrosis of the intestinal mucosa appears to be a finding common to irreversible shock due to many causes, including hemorrhage,¹ epinephrine injections,² etc.

In contrast to this uniformity in autopsy findings, we have found that the physiologic course of animals following exotoxin injection is strikingly . . . [Full Text PDF of this Article]

Author Affiliations
CHICAGO

From the Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Medical School.

Footnotes
Presented at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Central Surgical Association, Chicago, Feb 21-23, 1963.

With the technical assistance of Clem McDonald and Gregory Louviaux.

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